How To Test A Film Camera (SLR) To Ensure It’s Working Properly

If you've just purchased or have been given a used film camera, giving it a thorough "look over" is critical before taking important photos! Each camera model and brand differs in functionality and layout. If you're not already familiar with your camera, we encourage you to spend time with the manual or watching videos highlighting its features.

This guide is written specifically for single lens reflex (SLR) cameras. If the camera you have is of a different type (point & shoot, rangefinder, etc...), some of these checks may not apply. If that's the case, you may move onto the next point.

Here's a quick checklist things to look for! Do this without film loaded in your camera.

1. Examine the camera body for any physical damage or signs of wear. Check for dents, scratches, cracks, loose parts, or missing screws. Ensure that the camera's buttons, dials, and switches are intact and functioning properly.

2. Check the lens mount on the camera and lens- ensure it is clean, undamaged, and lens is not loose when mounted. The lens' focus ring should be smooth when turning and not stiff.

3. Test the shutter: Open the film door/back hatch, being careful to not put a finger on the shutter curtain. Set the camera to the manual mode (M), then wind the film advance lever and fire the shutter at each speed (typically 1000/s all the way to Bulb (B)). Listen for any unusual sounds such as grinding. Verify that the shutter curtains move smoothly and consistently across the shutter opening. Moving through the shutter speeds fast to slow, the shutter curtain should progressively become slower and stay open longer.

4. Check the aperture mechanism: Set the camera to the widest aperture (lowest f-number) and gradually close down the aperture to the smallest setting. Observe the blades for proper movement and smooth operation. Ensure the aperture stops down correctly at each setting.

5. Assess the viewfinder: Look through the viewfinder to ensure it is clear and free of debris or fungus. Check for any visible damage, such as cracks or scratches. Verify that the viewfinder displays information correctly (if applicable) and that the focusing aids, like split-prism or microprism, are functioning.

6. Test the focusing mechanism: If the camera has autofocus, activate it and ensure that it focuses accurately and quickly. If it is a manual focus camera, turn the focus ring and verify that it moves smoothly and accurately. Look for any resistance or looseness in the focusing mechanism.

7. Check the light meter (if available): If the camera has a built-in light meter, power it on and check if the readings change according to different lighting conditions. Compare the meter readings with a handheld light meter or a smartphone light meter app to ensure accuracy.

8. Test the film winding mechanism: Load a test roll of film (preferably an inexpensive one) and advance the film through a few frames. Ensure that the film advances smoothly and consistently with each winding action. Check if the film counter increments correctly.

9. Look for fungus or debris in the lens: Remove the lens from the camera body and inspect it for any signs of fungus or debris. Hold the lens up to a bright light source (e.g., a lamp) and check for any visible spots or haziness inside the lens elements. Fungus appears as cloudy or web-like formations. A foggy or hazy lens can result in low contrast images.

10. Evaluate the test shots: After testing the camera's basic functions, review the images captured during the test roll. Check for proper exposure, focus accuracy, and overall image quality. Look for any unusual artifacts, light leaks, or inconsistent performance.